CSS
Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language that allows the visual formatting of web pages. Alongside HTML and JavaScript, CSS is one of the core building blocks of the World Wide Web.
What is CSS?
CSS is a style sheet language used to shape the visual interface of web pages, including layout, color, and font. Today, CSS has become an integral part of HTML and is used to design every element on a web page in terms of appearance.
It is possible to create basic-level websites using only HTML. However, CSS, as a style language, enables these web pages to be visually appealing and provides a better user experience.
The initial ideas and work on CSS started in 1994 by Håkon Wium Lie, who worked with Tim Berners-Lee at CERN. By 1996, the CSS1 version was published by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), setting the standards. In 1998, the second version, CSS2, was released, and finally, in 1999, the CSS3 version, which is still actively used and being developed, was published.
Methods of Using CSS
There are different methods you can follow to use CSS in the websites you develop. You can keep the CSS code separate from your other code or write it within the HTML code. These methods are known as external, internal, and inline, respectively. Let's take a closer look at them.
External CSS Usage
You can use .css extension files containing CSS code by calling them from the HTML pages in your project. Writing CSS in an external file is the most widely accepted usage. This method, which shows its benefits in large-scale web projects, provides developers with an easier development and maintenance process. Moreover, it shortens the development time. CSS code written once can be called in different HTML pages, eliminating the need to write CSS code in every HTML page.
To use an external CSS file, you must link the CSS file from the HTML page you want to use it in. To do this, you should specify the location of the CSS code within the <head> .. </head> tags in the HTML file as follows:
<link rel=""stylesheet"" type=""text/css"" href=""style.css"">
Internal CSS Usage
In internal CSS usage, you write your CSS code in a separate section within the HTML file. Similar to external usage, CSS is written, but the CSS code can only be used in the HTML file it is included in. For this type of usage, you can specify and write your CSS code between the <style> .. </style> tags within the <head> .. </head> tags.
<style>
h1 {font-size:32px; color:red;}
p {font-size:25px; color:green;}
</style>
Inline CSS Usage
You can place CSS code within the HTML code, in line with the elements. This method is only used when a style needs to be assigned to a single HTML element. It is a challenging method for developers both when writing the initial code and during subsequent development and editing efforts. Both your HTML and CSS code become complex, and maintaining control over your code becomes difficult.
<h1 style=""font-size:32px; color:red;""> This is a heading </h1>
<h2 style=""font-size:25px;""> This is a subheading. </h2>
By utilizing these CSS methods, you can enhance the visual appeal and usability of your web pages, creating a more engaging user experience.
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