Multitasking refers to performing multiple tasks simultaneously. It is also called multitasking in business processes. Although it offers productivity-based solutions and has advantages, it can also lead to unwanted consequences and thus has disadvantages. Let's delve into the details of the multitasking concept.

What is Multitasking?

Multitasking was first introduced in the 1960s by IBM as a solution for computers to complete processes quickly. An employee being able to perform multiple tasks at once is considered an indicator of successful performance. By the 2000s, brain imaging revealed that during multitasking, the nervous system only engages with one task at a time through quick transitions. It is also recognized as a factor that increases stress, causes concentration issues, and indirectly reduces productivity. At this point, three different multitasking approaches enter the literature, which can be explained as follows:

• Computer multitasking: Enables performing multiple operations simultaneously on computer-based devices. Computer manufacturers develop technologies that can complete tasks quickly. The working logic of subunits in computer architecture is programmed according to the multitasking approach.
• Human multitasking: Measures the performance of an individual when faced with multiple tasks at the same time. Although it leads to undesirable outcomes, researchers continue their studies on results and solutions.
• Media multitasking: A field that investigates individuals' simultaneous exposure to multiple digital media. With the proliferation of technology, it plays a role in researching individual behaviors in the technology-individual relationship. For example, determining the risks of using a phone while driving and developing solutions falls within the scope of media multitasking.

What is Multitasking Used For?

Multitasking, as a philosophy, aims to save time and increase productivity. In machine-based systems, multitasking allows for the efficient production of results by processing data simultaneously. For instance, you can listen to music on your computer while writing code in an IDE program. While these two processes occur, multiple services of the operating system operate in the background. The ability of the computer to perform all these tasks simultaneously is due to multitasking.

What are the Advantages of Multitasking?

Multitasking, a productivity-focused approach, has many advantages, including:

• Saves time.
• Helps solve problems quickly and effectively.
• Allows for faster completion of parallel tasks.
• Can make work processes more enjoyable.
• Significantly contributes to learning and development processes.
• Is effective in achieving long-term goals.
• Aids in crisis management.
• Reduces costs.

What are the Disadvantages of Multitasking?

Despite its positive contributions to productivity, multitasking has disadvantages, which can be summarized as follows:

• Causes concentration issues in individuals.
• Leads to excessive resource consumption in machines.
• Unfinished tasks lower motivation, negatively affecting productivity.
• May cause device issues in computers.
• Increases energy consumption.