Cloud computing refers to information systems that allow devices and applications connected to the internet to access data at any time. It is an infrastructure service offering servers, storage, databases, and applications like office tools and email. It provides cost-efficient solutions for businesses. Compared to traditional IT infrastructure, cloud computing has a more flexible and distributed structure, making it easier to manage.

What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a service that enables information technology services to be provided from a network called the cloud. It is essentially a rental service that operates on a "pay-as-you-go" model. It is used for both corporate and individual solutions, with users needing only an internet connection to access the cloud.

What Does Cloud Computing Do?

Cloud computing can perform all the functions of an information technology infrastructure. For example, a company might need an email server to offer email services. A standard IT infrastructure would require physical servers for email, which need to be monitored 24/7 and undergo regular maintenance, updates, upgrades, and resource scaling. This also necessitates technical personnel and adds to operational costs. Additionally, there are potential costs for data backup and disaster recovery.

However, in a cloud-based setup, email server costs are covered by the cloud computing service provider, reducing expenses. Additionally, processes like development and resource scaling, as well as backup and data recovery, are simpler and quicker compared to traditional setups. Cloud computing offers a scalable, flexible, manageable, and accessible system architecture.

Key Features of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has the following features:

• Reduces the number of personnel and workload.
• Offers a scalable system with a flexible structure.
• Minimizes the risk of data loss.
• Provides ideal solutions for business continuity policies and disaster recovery scenarios.

How Does Cloud Computing Work?

Cloud computing operates through the interaction of two layers: the application layer and the physical layer. The application layer is where the end user interacts with cloud-based services. For example, a company with email services on the cloud can access email content through a web interface or third-party applications. Tasks like sending and receiving emails are performed here. This layer also includes access for server management and application development.

The physical layer includes physical components like servers, disks, and switches that make up the cloud environment. The management of this layer is typically handled by the service provider. Technologies like servers, storage, networking, and backup are implemented here. The use of cutting-edge technology often indicates an innovative service provider. For instance, failover technology, which aids in providing uninterrupted services for business continuity, is part of this layer. For companies where even a few seconds of downtime can be costly, the application of failover technology in cloud computing is critical.

Types of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is categorized into four types:

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service. It offers infrastructure services like servers, databases, and disks on a pay-as-you-go basis.

PaaS

Platform as a Service. This infrastructure provides platform-based services like databases and web services. It is suitable for solutions involving business analytics, API development, and database access.

SaaS

Software as a Service. This infrastructure offers ready-to-use solutions at the application level. Examples include Office 365 for online office applications, Salesforce for CRM, and WordPress for website development.

FaaS

Functions as a Service, also known as serverless. It focuses on function-based platform management and development, with the server automatically activated when functions are run and deactivated when not needed.

Examples of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a critical technology for digital transformation. Here are a few examples:

• Amazon Web Services (AWS): Part of Amazon, AWS offers various cloud computing infrastructure services, providing scalable and cost-predictable solutions for all types of companies. AWS Educate is a special program for students.
• Google App Engine: Google's PaaS cloud service helps developers create server-based websites. It supports popular development languages and various developer tools.
• Microsoft OneDrive: Microsoft's file storage service for individual, family, and enterprise users. As a SaaS cloud service, it allows stored files to be accessed from anywhere with internet connectivity.